腹壁可顾及肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他病变.. Urachal Cyst 脐尿管细菌感染A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )脐尿管细菌感染见诸脐和膀胱之间，通常设于脐尿管的下1/3 ，但也可见诸仅设于脐下。这些细菌感染可观感为完全无回声或高回声。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 三幅11A，脐尿管细菌感染，此细菌感染已受感染，实质上含有微弱回声的液体。B，脐尿管细菌感染，虚弱的细菌感染前壁产生入射伪影。

..Endometriosis阴道子宫癌变Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).外周阴道子宫癌变是阴道动切除的长年合并症，无特殊观感，但可于以前切除的瘢痕西北侧见一局部肿物，并有周期病态的疼痛和出血。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 三幅12 ，剖宫产疤痕西北侧阴道子宫癌变

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 外周血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).疣直肌鞘血肿可发生于中风病态呼吸困难后、喷嚏或高血压中风后，其关键在于通常是抗凝治疗或出血病态疾病。由于血肿限制于疣直肌鞘内，通常不很小，其形状根据所西北侧右方而定，在弓状直通以上，血肿常为对生，椭圆呈上下方向，可于左侧看见（三幅13A）；在弓状直通表列，由于疣白直通缺如，可扩展横过中直通，因此血肿观感为分叶状，其最大长度设于右下上。在新生儿外周血肿可见诸脐上横向扩展（三幅13B、C）。术后辐射病态血管内凋亡的病患可于外周切除瘢痕附近看见大的血肿（三幅13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 三幅13A，一中年妇女间歇性呼吸困难后疣直肌鞘血肿，箭头指示疣横筋膜。B，新生儿外周血肿。C，一新生儿脐微血管填充西北侧纸片的外周血肿。UV，脐微血管。D，一辐射病态血管内凋亡的剖宫产术后病患左眼西北侧外周血肿。

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